The Electric Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows

To minimize greenhouse gas emissions, the logistic field has seen an increasing usage of electric vehicles. The resulting distribution planning problems present new computational challenges.We address a problem, called Electric Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows. We propose a mixed integer linear formulation that can solve 20-customer instances in short computing times and a Three-Phase Heuristic algorithm based on General Variable Neighborhood Search and Dynamic Programming.Computational results show that the heuristic algorithm can find the optimal solution in most small-size instances within a tenth of a second and achieves goods solutions in instances with up to 200 customers.     

Where are the electric vehicles? A spatial model for vehicle-choice count data

Electric vehicles (EVs) are predicted to increase in market share as auto manufacturers introduce more fuel efficient vehicles to meet stricter fuel economy mandates and fossil fuel costs remain unpredictable. Reflecting spatial autocorrelation while controlling for a variety of demographic and locational (e.g., built environment) attributes, the zone-level spatial count model in this paper offers valuable information for power providers and charging station location decisions. By anticipating over 745,000 personal-vehicle registrations across a sample of 1000 census block groups in the Philadelphia region, a trivariate Poisson-lognormal conditional autoregressive (CAR) model anticipates Prius hybrid EV, other EV, and conventional vehicle ownership levels. Initial results signal higher EV ownership rates in more central zones with higher household incomes, along with significant residual spatial autocorrelation, suggesting that spatially-correlated latent variables and/or peer (neighbor) effects on purchase decisions are present. Such data sets will become more comprehensive and informative as EV market shares rise. This work’s multivariate Poisson-lognormal CAR modeling approach offers a rigorous, behaviorally-defensible framework for spatial patterns in choice behavior.     

大型车辆前方路况识别显示系统

随着社会的发展,大型车辆在公路交通中占的比重越来越大。由于大型车辆车身尺寸大、视线高,会大大影响后车司机的行车视线,与小型车辆相比,大型车辆造成重大交通事故的概率更大。论文提出一种大型车辆前方路况识别显示系统,对紧随的后车进行提醒,对提高道路交通安全程度、降低交通事故发生率具有重要的现实意义。     

Autonomous vehicles and the future of urban tourism

Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) have the potential to disrupt all industries tied to transport, including tourism. This conceptual paper breaks new ground by providing an in-depth imaginings approach to the potential future far-reaching implications of CAVs for urban tourism. Set against key debates in urban studies and urban tourism, we discuss the enchantments and apprehensions surrounding CAVs and how they may impact cities in terms of tourism transport mode use, spatial changes, tourism employment and the night-time visitor economy, leading to new socio-economic opportunities and a range of threats and inequities. We provide a concluding agenda that sets the foundation for a new research sub-field on CAVs and tourism, of relevance to urban planners, policymakers and the tourism industry.     

轻型汽车欧V排放标准解析

汽车排放污染已成为我国大气污染的一个重要因素。本文分几方面简要介绍了轻型汽车欧盟第五阶段排放标准（下简称欧V）。通过概括欧盟法规的发展形势,整理了欧V排放限值,关注欧V中有关要求的变化,强调欧V的要点,同时分析了欧V对于制订我国排放标准的参考意义,将对轻型汽车欧V的理解与读者分享、交流.     

Who will adopt electric vehicles? Segmenting and exemplifying potential buyer heterogeneity and forthcoming research

Market segmentation becomes a crucial tool for evolving transportation technology such as electric vehicles (EVs) in emerging markets to explore and implement for extensive adoption. EVs adoption is expected to grow phenomenally in near future as low emission and low operating cost vehicle, and thus, it drives a considerable amount of forthcoming academic research curiosity. The main aim of this study is to explore and identify distinct sets of potential buyer segments for EVs based on psychographic, behavioral, and socio-economic characterization by employing an integrated research framework of ‘perceived benefits-attitude-intention’, The study applied robust analytical procedures including cluster analysis, multiple discriminant analysis and Chi-square test to operationalize and validate segments from the data collected of 563 respondents using a cross-sectional online survey. The findings posit that the three distinct sets of young consumer groups have been identified and labelled as ‘Conservatives’, ‘Indifferents’, and ‘Enthusiasts’ which are deemed to be buddying EV buyers The implications are recommended, which may offer some pertinent guidance for scholars and policymakers to encourage EVs adoption in the backdrop of emerging sustainable transport market.     

基于专利分析的自动驾驶汽车技术发展动态与竞争态势研究

自动驾驶汽车正在引领交通领域的技术范式转变,主要发达国家纷纷将其列为下一阶段优先发展的重点领域.深入分析自动驾驶汽车技术发展趋势,从多个层次和维度探究其竞争态势,可以为产业政策和企业战略制定提供理论指导和决策支持.基于德温特创新索引的专利数据,分别从整体发展态势、主要竞争国家和主要专利权人3个层面对该领域的技术竞争态势进行探索.发现全球自动驾驶汽车技术正处于快速成长期,美、中、德、日、韩等国都非常重视在自动驾驶领域的专利布局,中国的自动驾驶技术专利申请活跃,但总体质量偏低、产业核心竞争力不强;在企业层面上,主要专利权人经历了以日本企业为主向美、欧企业为主,以汽车企业为主向汽车企业与科技公司共同主导的转变,整体而言中国的企业普遍处于后发追赶状态.基于上述判断,从产业和企业两个层面为中国自动驾驶技术发展提出了对策建议.     

成本不确定和运力影响下新能源汽车供应链协调契约

考虑由新能源汽车租赁企业和配送企业组成的供应链，在新能源汽车和燃油汽车的运营成本不确定和运力影响下，文章运用NAC容度期望效用和博弈论研究新能源汽车的租赁量、租赁价和配送价格决策，比较了有无成本分担与收益共享两种契约结果，揭示配送企业对运营成本的乐观度和运力的影响。研究发现，引入成本分担与收益共享能提高新能源汽车租赁量，降低配送价格，提升配送需求。随着配送企业对新能源汽车（燃油汽车）运营成本乐观度的提高（下降）或新能源汽车（燃油汽车）运力提升（下降），新能源汽车租赁量均提高，但租赁价和配送价格不一定下降，受契约类型的影响。     

Shared autonomous vehicles and their potential impacts on household vehicle ownership: An exploratory empirical assessment

Emerging transportation technologies have the potential to significantly reshape the transportation systems and household vehicle ownership. Key among these transportation technologies are the autonomous vehicles, particularly when introduced in shared vehicle fleets. In this paper, we focus on the potential impact that fleets of shared autonomous vehicles might have on household vehicle ownership. To obtain initial insights into this issue, we asked a sample of university personnel and members of the American Automobile Association as to how likely they would consider relinquishing one of their household's personal vehicles if shared autonomous vehicles were available (thus reducing their household vehicle ownership level by one). For single-vehicle households, this would be relinquishing their only vehicle, and for multivehicle households (households owning two or more vehicles) this would be relinquishing just one of their vehicles. Possible responses to the question about relinquishing a household vehicle if shared autonomous vehicles are present are: extremely unlikely, unlikely, unsure, likely, and extremely likely. To determine the factors that influence this response, random parameters ordered probit models are estimated to account for the likelihood that considerable unobserved heterogeneity is likely to be present in the data. The findings show that a wide range of socioeconomic factors affects people's likelihood of vehicle relinquishment in the presence of shared autonomous vehicles. Key among these are gender effects, generational elements, commuting patterns, and respondents' vehicle crash history and experiences. While people's opinions of shared autonomous vehicles are evolving with the continual introduction of new autonomous vehicle technologies and shifting travel behavior, the results of this study provide important initial insights into the likely effects of shared autonomous vehicles on household vehicle ownership.